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Essential Particles
| Particle | Function / Usage | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| は wa |
Topic Marker: Identifies the topic of the sentence. Pronounced 'wa' when used as a particle. | わたしは学生です。 As for me, (I am) a student. |
| を o |
Direct Object: Marks the object that the verb is acting upon. (Pronounced 'o'). | すしを食べます。 I eat sushi. |
| に ni |
Target / Time: Indicates a specific point in time, movement destination, or the target of an action. | ３時に行きます。 I will go at 3 o'clock. |
| で de |
Context / Means: Indicates where an action happens, or the instrument used to do it. | 学校で勉強します。 I study at school. |
| が ga |
Subject Marker: Marks the grammatical subject, introducing new information to the listener. | ねこがいます。 There is a cat. (Look, a cat!) |